THE RELATIONSHIP OF DIETARY PATTERNS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND SCREEN TIME WITH THE INCIDENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AMONG TODDLER AGED 24–59 MONTHS IN SUDIMARA PINANG HEALTH CENTER AREA, TANGERANG CITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63953/jisn.v3i3.51Keywords:
Toddlers, Overweight, Dietary Pattern, Physical Activity, Screen TimeAbstract
Background: Overweight in toddlers may further develop into obesity. The Sudimara Pinang Community Health Center area has the highest number of overweight toddlers in Tangerang City. This study aims to examine the relationship between dietary patterns, physical activity, screen time, and the incidence of overweight among toddlers aged 24-59 months in Sudimara Pinang area. Method : This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study design. A total of 93 toddlers were purposively selected from the five integrated health posts with the highest number of overweight toddlers. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. Dietary patterns were measured with a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), Physical activity with the Early Year Physical Activity Questionnaire (EY-PAQ), and screen time with the Seven in Seven Screen Exposure Questionnaire. Result: The findings revealed a significant association between dietary pattern (p-value = 0.016), and between physical activity and overweight incidence (p-value = 0.000). However, no significant relationship was found between screen time and overweight (p-value = 0.523). Conclusion: Dietary patterns and physical activity were significantly associated with overweight among toddlers, whereas screen time showed no significant relationship. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive intervention programs in the area, focusing on promoting healthy eating and physical activity.
References
WHO. Obesity and Overweight. 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Overweight & Obesity Statistics. 2023. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/overweight-obesity.
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Daftar Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Pernyataan Yang Sering Ditanyakan Seputar Hasil Utama SKI 2023. 2024.
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022. 2022. Available form: https://www.Poorankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/daftar-frequently-asked-question-seputar-hasil-utama-ski-2023/
Indanah I, Sukesih S, Luthfin F, et al. OBESITAS PADA BALITA. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan 2021;12(2):242–248; doi: 10.26751/jikk.v12i2.1115.
Mulyani S, Musfiroh M, Cahyanto EB, et al. Obesitas Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Pada Anak Balita. PLACENTUM: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan dan Aplikasinya 2020;8(1):6; doi: 10.20961/placentum.v8i1.39651.
Ghani L, Susilawati MD, Novriani H. Faktor risiko dominan penyakit jantung koroner di Indonesia. Buletin penelitian kesehatan 2016;44(3):153–164.
NFS, WHO, UNICEF. Indicators for Assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices: Definitions and Measurement Methods. 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240018389
Setiyaningsih YE, Nurwanti E, Pratiwi AM. Konsumsi unhealthy food sebagai faktor risiko obesitas pada balita di Puskesmas Jetis, Kota Yogyakarta. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) 2016;3(3):155; doi: 10.21927/ijnd.2015.3(3).155-161.
Rousham EK, Goudet S, Markey O, et al. Unhealthy Food and Beverage Consumption in Children and Risk of Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Advances in Nutrition 2022;13(5):1669–1696; doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac032.
Mulyana L, Farida E. Pola Pemberian Makan yang Tepat dalam Mengurangi Resiko Obesitas pada Balita. Indonesian Journal of Public Health and Nutrition 2022;2(1):36–42; doi: 10.15294/ijphn.v2i1.51661.
Vandenplas Y, Hegar B, Munasir Z, et al. The role of soy plant-based formula supplemented with dietary fiber to support children’s growth and development: An expert opinion. Nutrition 2021;90:111278; doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111278.
Ngatin S. Hubungan Pola Makan Dengan Kejadian Obesitas Pada Balita Di BPM “F” Desa guluk-guluk, Kecamatan Guluk-guluk, Kabupaten Sumenep. Ovary Midwifery Journal 2020;2(1):41–48.
Kementrian Kesehatan. Pedoman Umum Gentas Gerakan berantas obesitas. 2017;1–41.
Tristiyanti WF, Tamtomo DG, Dewi YLR. Analisis Durasi Tidur, Asupan Makanan, dan Aktivitas Fisik sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Obesitas pada Balita Usia 3-5 Tahun. Sari Pediatri 2018;20(3):178; doi: 10.14238/sp20.3.2018.178-84.
Molintao WP, Sulaeman S, Purwanti NH. Hubungan kompetensi ibu, aktivitas fisik, dan konsumsi junk food dengan kejadian obesitas pada balita. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) 2019;1(1):119–130.
Putri M, Humayrah W. Tingginya Durasi Screen Time Berhubungan Dengan Pola Konsumsi Dan Perilaku Makan Balita Usia 3-5 Tahun Di Jabodetabek. Journal of Nutrition College 2024;13(2):139–151; doi: 10.14710/jnc.v13i2.41369.
WHO. To Grow up Healthy, Children Need to Sit Less and Play More. World Health Organization 2019. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/24-04-2019-to-grow-up-healthy-children-need-to-sit-less-and-play-more
Rowan C. The impact of technology on child sensory and motor development. Retrieved March 2013;10(8):2017.
Lintang Puspita A. Hubungan Perilaku Picky Eating Dan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Status Gizi Anak Prasekolah Di Kb Paud Imanul Wafa Balikpapan. Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia 2023;2(8):2178–2186; doi: 10.58344/jmi.v2i8.429.
Yalçin SS, Tezol Ö, Çaylan N, et al. Evaluation of problematic screen exposure in pre-schoolers using a unique tool called “seven-in-seven screen exposure questionnaire”: cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2021;21(1):472; doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02939-y.
Salmadita A, Mahfud AAB, Sopianti D, et al. Mewujudkan Pola Makan Gizi Seimbang Untuk Kesehatan Optimal Anak Di Desa Margaluyu Garut. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bangsa 2024;2(7):2945–2951; doi: 10.59837/jpmba.v2i7.1369.
Fitriliani A, Pramesona BA, Nareswari S. Obesity in Children : Long-Term Causes and Consequences. Medical Profession Journal of Lampung 2023;13(1):104–109; doi: 10.53089/medula.v13i1.605.
Siallagan A, Pane J, Simanullang MSD, et al. Status Gizi dan Pola Makan pada Anak. Jurnal Gawat Darurat 2023;5(2):99–106.
Damayanti AY, Darni J, Octavia R. Hubungan aktifitas fisik dengan status gizi siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurussalam. Nutrire Diaita 2019;11(2):42–46.
Satria SSB, Rusdiana A, Haryono T, et al. Pengaruh Latihan Rubber Terhadap Kemampuan Pukulan Smash Pada Esktrakulikuler Bulutangkis SMA Negeri 1 Karang Bahagia. Sport Science and Health 2025;7(2):60–68; doi: 10.17977/um062v7i22025p60-68.
Arfah AI, Arifin AF, Safitri A, et al. Hubungan pola makan terhadap status gizi anak sekolah dasar. Fakumi Medical Journal: Jurnal Mahasiswa Kedokteran 2021;1(1):54–59.
Atmarita A, Jahari AB, Sudikno S, et al. Asupan Gula, Garam, Dan Lemak Di Indonesia: Analisis Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu (SKMI) 2014. GIZI INDONESIA 2017;39(1):1; doi: 10.36457/gizindo.v39i1.201.
Sriwahyuni, - J, - N, et al. Pola Makan Terhadap Kejadian Obesitas Pada Anak. Jurnal Asuhan Ibu dan Anak 2021;6(2):91–98; doi: 10.33867/jaia.v6i2.268.
Dwibarto R. Hubungan Antara Frekuensi Makan Dengan Status Gizi Balita. Citra Delima Scientific journal of Citra Internasional Institute 2023;7(1):49–52; doi: 10.33862/citradelima.v7i1.346.
Herianto H, Rombi M. Hubungan antara Frekuensi Makan dan Kebiasaan Makan dengan Kejadian (Stunting) di SDN 08 Angata Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Jurnal Gizi Ilmiah 2016;3(2):1–11.
Az-Zahra I, Hartaty N, Putri S. HealthCaring: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Gambaran Pola Pemberian Makan Pada Balita Usia 2- 5 Tahun Di Kecamatan Baiturrahman Kota Banda Aceh. 2025.
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Buku Resep Makanan Lokal Bayi, Balita Dan Ibu Hamil. Kemenkes RI; 2023.
Herlianty H, Ketut Sumidawati N, Bakue T. The Importance of Eating Healthy and Nutritionally Balanced Food for Elementary School Children. Abdimas Polsaka 2024;3(1):40–46; doi: 10.35816/abdimaspolsaka.v3i1.66.
Prasadajudio M, Devaera Y, Noormanto N, et al. Disease-Related Malnutrition in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Disease: A Developing Country Perspective. Curr Dev Nutr 2023;7(4):100021; doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100021.
Basrowi RW, Farradika Y, Sundjaya T. Mother’s Perspective and Trust Toward Integrated Services Post (Posyandu) in Indonesia. Open Public Health J 2024;17(1); doi: 10.2174/0118749445329656240930095509.
Widiani NNA. Hubungan Pola Aktivitas Fisik dengan Status Gizi Pada Anak Usia 6-12 Tahun. Jurnal Genta Kebidanan 2020;9(2):22–26; doi: 10.36049/jgk.v1i1.14.
Sommer I, Nußbaumer-Streit B, Gartlehner G. WHO Guideline: Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Sleep for Children under 5 Years of Age. Das Gesundheitswesen 2021;83(07):509–511; doi: 10.1055/a-1489-8049.
Munandar MRA. Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Kejadian Obesitas Pada Anak Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Peudada Kabupaten Bireuen. Darussalam Indonesian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 2024;6(2):36–47.
Zamzani M, Hadi H, Astiti D. Aktivitas fisik berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Gizi Dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) 2017;4(3):123–128.
Sari FN, Ping MF. relationship between BMI and Screen Time behavior in School-Age Children. Journal of Nursing Innovation 2023;2(2):61–66; doi: 10.61923/jni.v2i2.18.
Sukma AB. Hubungan Screen Time, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Pola Konsumsi Minuman Berpemanis dan Asupan Energi Dengan Status Gizi Lebih Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar. J Kesehat Tambusai 2024;5(3):9270–9279.
WHO. WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. World Health Organization 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128
Antika AR, Dini CY. Asupan Zat Gizi Makro Dan Screen Time Berkorelasi Dengan Status Gizi Pada Remaja Sman 1 Krian. J-KESMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 2025;11(1):8–17.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Audia Zahra, Farah Paramita, Supriyadi, Agung Kurniawan, Tonny Sundjaya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
LICENSE TO PUBLISH
- All material published by the Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition is protected under International copyright and intellectual property laws. Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA) or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly works.
- This license permits anyone to compose, repair, and make derivative creations even for commercial purposes, as long as appropriate credit and proper acknowledgment of the original publication from a journal are made to allow users to trace back to the original manuscript and author.
- You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
